为咖啡致癌平反

为咖啡致癌平反

全球咖啡爱好者可以放心了，世界卫生组织6月最新的评估报告修正了过去关于咖啡致癌的警告——致癌的不是咖啡，而是过热的温度。

测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：

brew 酿酒；啤酒[bruː]

affiliated 附属的；有关连的[ə'fɪlɪeɪtɪd]

oesophageal [解剖] 食管的[i:,sɔfə'dʒi:əl]

outrage 愤慨；暴行；侮辱['aʊtreɪdʒ]

carcinogen 致癌物质[kɑː'sɪnədʒ(ə)n]

bladder cancer 膀胱癌

antioxidant [助剂] 抗氧化剂[æntɪ'ɒksɪd(ə)nt]

reclassification 重新分类；再次分级[ri:,klæsifi'keiʃən]

pancreas [解剖] 胰腺['pæŋkrɪəs]

uterus [解剖] 子宫['juːt(ə)rəs]

阅读马上开始，建议您计算一下阅读整篇文章所用的时间，对照下方的参考值就可以评估出您的英文阅读水平。

如果您读完全文用时为： 那么，您的阅读速度相当于 每分钟阅读的英文单词数

3分41秒 母语为英语者的朗读速度 140

1分11秒 母语为英语的中学生的阅读速度 250

1分16秒 母语为英语的大学生的阅读速度 350

0分47秒 母语为英语的速读高手 1000

Scientists backtrack on coffee cancer claims（478words）

By Scheherazade Daneshkhu, Consumer Industries Editor

-----------------------------------------------------

Coffee drinkers can relax — just as long as they do not drink their brew while it is very hot.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has said that there is no evidence that coffee causes cancer and that the drink may even help protect against some types of the disease, in a reversal of its previous stance.

However, in an assessment released on Wednesday, the UN-affiliated agency warned against drinking “very hot” beverages of any kind — defined as those with temperatures above 65 degrees centigrade.

Christopher Wild, director of the Lyon-based IARC, said: “Drinking very hot beverages is one probable cause of oesophageal cancer and it is the temperature, rather than the drinks themselves, that appears to be responsible.”

The IARC caused outrage in the meat industry last year by saying that processed meat was a carcinogen. The agency’s earlier classification of coffee in 1991 stated that the drink was “possibly” carcinogenic and could increase the risk of bladder cancer. There have since been numerous studies contradicting that conclusion.

The IARC said its current assessment was based on 1,000 studies, which was a much larger review-base than was available to it in 1991.

The agency said on Wednesday that drinking coffee “exhibited strong antioxidant effects” and had no carcinogenic effects for cancers of the pancreas, breast and prostate. It added that the beverage reduced the risk of liver cancer and a cancer in the lining of the uterus.

For more than 20 other cancers, there was not enough evidence to draw a conclusion. Nestlé, the world’s biggest coffee producer, which owns Nescafe and Nespresso, said it welcomed the reclassification.

The National Coffee Association, representing the US coffee industry, said the IARC’s latest assessment “confirms evidence from an avalanche of studies by highly respected and independent scientists.”

Bill Murray, president of the association said: “Separate analysis, from Harvard University among others, suggests that coffee drinkers live longer than non-coffee drinkers.”

“This amazing beverage may actually help lower the risk of many different cancers and drinking between one and five cups a day is associated with lower rates of heart disease, neurological disorders and liver disease.”

However, the IARC said it could not prove that coffee was “safe”. It could only conclude that existing scientific data supported the theory that coffee was unlikely to cause certain cancers. The studies it reviewed did not distinguish between different kinds of coffee or ways of preparing it, so it was not possible to conclude whether any type was healthier than others.

Drinking beverages at scalding temperatures can create tumours, according to the agency. A “biological plausibility exists for an association between very hot beverages and cell injury,” the IARC said.

Oesophageal cancer is the eighth most common type in the world, accounting for 5 per cent of cancer deaths worldwide. The proportion triggered by very hot beverages is not known.

请根据你所读到的文章内容，完成以下自测题目：

1. What kind of beverages above 65 degrees centigrade may cause cancer?

A. coffee

B. tea

C. wine

D. any kind

2. What kind of cancers could be caused by very hot beverages from IARC?

A. bladder cancer

B. stomach cancer

C. oesophageal cancer

D. oral cancer

3. What was a carcinogen in the meat industry as IARC said?

A. raw meat

B. fried meat

C. processed meat

D. pork braised in brown sauce

4. How many cups of coffee are advocated within a day by the president Bill?

A. none

B. under 5 cups

C. more than 5 cups

D. unlimited just with milk

[1] 答案 D. any kind

解释：65摄氏度以上的饮品都容易致癌。

[2] 答案 C. oesophageal cancer

解释：oral cancer是口腔癌，过热的饮品容易导致食道癌。

[3] 答案 C. processed meat

解释：去年，市卫组织表示加工肉为一级致癌物，这一言论激怒了相关行业。

[4] 答案 B. under 5 cups

解释：Bill表示，一天喝1到5杯的咖啡可以减少罹患一些种类癌症的风险。