第20章　谓　语 20.3　表语

20.3　表　语

20.3.1　表语表示法

表语亦称补语（Complement），可由下面这些成分表示：

1) 名词：

He proved a trustworthy friend. 结果证明他是一个可靠的朋友。

You're looking a different person. 你看起来像是换了一个人。

2) 代词：

Seventy-four! You don't look it. 七十四啦！你看起来可不像。

It's something to be home again without an accident. 能再次平安到家真不简单。

3) 数词：

My daughter is sixteen next month. 我女儿下月十六岁。

Gordon Johncock was third. 戈登·约翰科克是第三名。

4) 形容词：

He has gone mad (blind). 他疯了（眼睛瞎了）。

She looked quite cheerful (a little tired). 她看上去挺高兴（有点累）。

5) 分词：

My teacher is both gentle and encouraging towards me. 我的老师既对我很温和又督促我学习。

Where is Shakespeare buried? 莎士比亚埋葬在哪里？

6) 动名词：

My aunt's hobby is growing roses. 我姑姑的爱好是种玫瑰花。

His first job had been selling home computers. 他的第一份工作是销售家用电脑。

7) 不定式：

An alternative plan might be for you to go to Lyon. 另一个计划可能是让你到里昂去。

All you have to do is to press this button. 你只需按一下这个电钮。

8) 副词：

I'm off to Europe on Monday. 我星期一动身去欧洲。

Sales are down. 销售量下降了。

9) 介词短语：

The Conservatives were once more in power. 保守党再次当政。

His show is on the air at six o'clock. 他的节目六点钟播放。

10)词组：

They are twice the size of chickens. 它们有鸡的两倍大。

That would be a great weight off my mind. 这会了却我一大心事。

11) 从句：

That's where we differ. 这就是我们的分歧所在。

Money is what they are after. 他们追逐的是金钱。

关于各种表语的表示法可参阅第13.5.1—13.5.6节。关于现在分词和过去分词作表语的用法可参阅第12.3.2及12.4.2节。

20.3.2　表语从句

表语从句有三类：

1) 由that引导的表语从句（that有时省略）：

The fact is (that) she never liked him. 事实是她从未喜欢过他。

Their first idea was that he had hidden it. 他们的第一个想法是他把它藏起来了。

The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sunshines there every day. 好莱坞是拍电影的好地方，原因是那里天天有太阳。

His only fault is that he lacks ambition. 他唯一的缺点是缺乏雄心壮志。

My point is that you may have to face the problem. 我的看法是你也许得面对这个问题。

The trouble was they couldn't agree among themselves. 问题是他们内部意见都不能统一。

2) 由连接代（副）词引导的表语从句：

That's how matters stand. 情况就是如此。

That's not what I meant. 这不是我的意思。

That was why he spoke French so funnily. 这就是他法语讲得这样滑稽的原因。

That's where the battle took place. 这就是那次战役发生的地方。

His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. 他第一个问题是福尔摩斯到了没有。

The question is who's responsible for what has happened. 问题是发生了这事该谁负责。

3) 由关系代词型的what引导的从句：

I want to be a teacher. That's what I want to be. 我想当教师，这是我的志愿。

Times aren't what they were. 时代不同了。

Your mother's health is not what it used to be. 你母亲的身体已大不如前了。

That's what we are here for. 这就是我们来这里的目的。

That's not what she is after. 这不是她追求的东西。

She's no longer what she used to be. 她已不是过去的她了。

关于这类句子可参阅第13.5.7节。