① where引导定语从句时,是关系副词,它的先行词都是表示地点的名词,这种用法的where在句中作状语,相当于in+which或on+which。where引导的定语从句可以是限制性定语从句,也可以是非限制性定语从句。
They have gone to Nanjing,where they will stay for a week. 他们到南京去了,将在那里待一周。(非限制性)
This is the school where (=in which)he studied twenty years ago. 这就是他二十年前上学的学校。(限制性)
That is the sports ground where (=on which)we once played football. 这就是我们曾经踢过足球的操场。
② where (关系副词)在从句中只能作状语,不能作主语或宾语。如果关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语,就要用which或that,而不能用where。比较:
This is the room which/that he likes most. 这就是他最喜欢的房间。(which或that作动词like的宾语)
This is the room which/that he once lived in. 这就是他曾经住过的房间。(which或that作介词in的宾语)
This is the room where he once lived. (where作状语,live是不及物动词)
This is the room where he once lived in.
(副词where不可作宾语)
Does she work in the factory which/that was built last year?她在去年建成的那家工厂里工作吗?(=which或that作主语)
Dose she work in the factory where was built last year?
(副词where不可作主语)
③ which (包括指人的whom)在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在which的前面,也可以放在句尾;而that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词不可放在that前,只能放在句尾。比较:
这就是我曾住过的那家旅馆。
This is the hotel in which I once lived.
This is the hotel that/which I once lived in.
(that和which可省略)
This is the hotel in that I once lived.
他就是那位老师,我们从他身上可以学到很多东西。
He is the teacher from whom we can learn a lot.
He is the teacher (whom)we can learn a lot from. (whom可省略)
提示
which和whom在定语从句中作宾语时,前面有介词时不可省,前面无介词时均可省略;that在定语从句中作宾语时可省略,见上文。