典型句式：
A less than B 比较句式
句子主干：
The plan costs an employee less.
翻译：
要求雇员付费的计划每年要求参与的雇员支付的费用比SAI公司之外的典型的健康计划要求的费用要少得多。
12 Clearly, then, it must be in evading their own predators that the spider’s color changes are useful to them.
典型句式：
it 形式主语，倒装句。
句子主干：
That the spider’s color changes are useful to them must be in evading their own predators.(正常语序)
翻译：
那么，明显地，蜘蛛颜色的改变对于它们的好处在于躲避自己的天敌方面。
13 It bases a conclusion that is known to require two conditions on evidence that bears on only one of those conditions.
典型句式：
修饰与主干;逻辑严密
句子主干：
It bases a conclusion on evidence.
翻译：
它基于只与其中的一个条件关联的证据得出必须要求两个条件的结论。
14 It treats evidence for the absence of one condition under which a circumstance would occur as conclusive evidence that that circumstance will not occur.
典型句式：
it treats A as B;修饰与主干;逻辑严密
句子主干：
It treats evidence for the absence of one condition as conclusive evidence.
翻译：
它把某情况发生时存在的一个条件的缺失的证据当作该情况肯定不会发生的结论性证据。
15 The reasoning is flawed in that the argument treats evidence that a factor is necessary to bring about an event as if it were evidence that the factor is sufficient to bring about that event.
典型句式：
in that 因果关系;层层修饰;逻辑严密
句子主干：
The reasoning is flawed.
翻译：
该推理是错误的，因为该论证把某事件发生所必须的一个因素当成是该事件发生的充分条件。