基础知识巩固
快速阅读部分要求考生通过略读和寻读,在15分钟内阅读一篇1000词左右的文章并完成相应的测试题。快速阅读文章的体裁以说明文为主,主题明确,结构清晰。题目形式表现为7道判断题(包括Y“是”、N“非”和NG“未提及”)或7道选择题和3道句子填空题。近年来,判断题型逐渐弱化,有被淘汰的趋势。
快速阅读强调的是考生要将略读和寻读两种方法结合起来。略读(Skimming)的目的在于快速掌握文章的结构,抓住中心思想。寻读(Scanning)的目的在于找出文中某些特定的信息。而寻读前,要先阅读文章后面所给出的题目,明确要查询信息的特点,以便在略读文章时快速确定所查询的信息位置。
快速阅读解题步骤:
1. 准确理解题目所表述的内容,根据题目中重要的信息词,猜测文章大意。
2. 快速浏览大小标题,了解文章内容,把握总体结构。
3. 根据信息词定位文章相关部分,确定答案。
(一)选择题命题规律及解题技巧
选择题原为快速阅读的一个备选题型,在2007年12月的四、六级考试中首次出现,并延续下来。该题型相较于是非判断题难度稍低,答案同样非常直观,可以不费力地从原文中找到。同时,因为有备选项供参考,无形中增加了定位词(题眼),寻找原文的相关材料就比是非判断题更容易一些。同为阅读理解的选择题,快速阅读的选择题较之于篇章阅读理解也更容易。传统阅读理解选择题往往需要对文章理解透彻并掌握其中的相关细节,考查文章大意、细节推断或语义理解等类型的题目,需要考生根据文章内容进行细节推理或综合推断;而快速阅读的选择题一般很少有需要推理或总结全文才能得出答案的题目,考生只需根据题干关键词,准确定位,答案即一目了然。
【例1】Newspapers
Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in newspapers in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.
【题目】Compared with television, newspapers as an advertising medium_______.
A) earn a larger annual ad revenue
B) convey more detailed messages
C) use more production techniques
D) get messages out more effectively
【解析】B)。由题干中的Compared, television, newspapers定位到Newspapers标题下的段落。文中指出报纸广告与电视广告的不同之处在于:less expensive, provide...a longer, more detailed message..., B)与此吻合。C)、D)通过下一句中句首Given可以排除,这里表示的是一种假设而不是事实。
(二)句子填空题命题规律及解题技巧
在快速阅读的10道题目中,最后3道是以句子填空的形式出现的。虽然形式不同,其常考点与是非判断题或多项选择题是一样的,因而它们的定位方法也一样。值得注意的是,考生在准确定位之后,应仔细对照原文与题干所缺的部分来概括组织答案;注意内容和形式的准确性,如名词的单复数形式、动词的时态等。
【例2】Direct mail
A final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client’s message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards, and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.
【题目】Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for businesses to develop ________.
【解析】relationships with consumers。由题干中Direct mail, effective, develop定位到该段倒数第二句。题干与文章非常吻合,只是将文章中的build改为意义相近的develop,可以直接定位答案。
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技巧方法与点拨
(一)选择题解题步骤
1. 看题干,定位题干关键词
先看题干,找出题干中重要信息词,结合题干猜测文章大意。确定关键词即从题干中确定出一个或若干个信息含量大而且有明显提示作用的词。在此我们建议将以下几类词语定为“关键词”:
1) 用做提问主体的名词,可能是动作的施动者或受动者,或是描述的对象。
2) 用于表示某一行动、计划或行为的动词。该动词表示的动作一般会与后面要提问的内容形成因果、转折、承接关系或假定关系;或后面的提问部分是做某事的方式、时间及地点等。
3) 时间状语等表示时间的词语。
4) 以人名和地点为代表的表示名称的词语。
2. 读文章,把握文章大意
带着关键词阅读文章,并在脑海中形成文章大意结构图。
1) 阅读原文中的Title(标题)、Subtitle(副标题)和Section heading(段落标题),以了解文章的大概意思和所谈话题,对文章的结构有个初步印象。
2) 如果原文没有任何标题和插图,就要阅读各段的首尾句,以初步了解其各段大意和结构。
3. 回看题,原文定位答案
针对阅读过程中有印象的地方如细节题在文中简单标记。对于印象模糊的,仔细分析题干、选项,并在原文中找出对应关键句及答案。
4. 核选项,保证万无一失
对把握不准,需要仔细核对的选项,应特别注意辨别易混淆选项,回到文中找到确切的证据。
(二)句子填空题解题技巧
1. 仔细审题,准确定位
由于快速阅读出题的顺序遵循与原文基本一致的原则,最后三道句子填空题的答案应当到文章后面的段落去找。当然这也不是绝对的,比如第8题的原文定位有可能在第7题的前面。
【例1】By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.
The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centres. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.
【题目】7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.
8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was________________.
【解析】 根据Service stations, motels and restaurants将第7题定位于上面第二段倒数第二句;根据the interstate system,将第8题定位于上面第一段最后。
2. 解读题干结构,调整语言形式
在审题定位之后,考生应研读定位词所在的上下文若干句子。一般来说通过比照原文就可直接得出答案。但是,有时题干中句子结构的调整要求考生在语言形式上做出相应的变化。
【例2】5. Make up Your Mind
Say you’ve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish—or too extreme? You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. Every time you can’t decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and don’t look back.
【题目】When it comes to decision making, one should make a quick choice without_________.
【解析】looking back。根据decision making定位至原文第5个小标题部分最后一句。题干中的介词without要求后面接动名词结构,原文中的look back相应调整为looking back。