研究表明，消除这五种危险因素可以延长寿命

How would you like to add seven to 10 healthy, disease-free years to your life as you age?

随着年龄的增长，你想让自己多活7到10个健康、没有疾病的年头吗?

Try eliminating these five bad health habits: smoking, not exercising, being overweight, drinking too much alcohol and eating an unhealthy diet.

试着消除这五个不良的健康习惯:吸烟、不锻炼、超重、酗酒和不健康的饮食。

That's the takeaway from a new study that analyzed the impact of those behaviors on the chance of living a longer life free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other chronic diseases.

这是从一项新的研究中得出的结论，该研究分析了这些行为对人们远离糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症和其他慢性病而活得更久的机会的影响。

"We found that following a healthy lifestyle can substantially extend the years a person lives disease-free," said senior author Dr. Frank Hu, who chairs the department of nutrition at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院营养系主任、资深作者法兰克胡博士说:“我们发现，遵循健康的生活方式可以大大延长一个人无病生存的时间。”

"In particular, women who practiced all five habits gained over 10 years of disease-free life, and men who did so gained almost eight years," Hu said.

胡教授说:“尤其值得一提的是，所有五种习惯都能坚持10年以上的女性，以及坚持这五种习惯的男性，寿命都延长了近8年。”

Additional data

额外的数据

The research is an extension of a study published last year that followed more than 38.000 men for 28 years and 73.000 women for 34 years.

这项研究是去年发表的一项研究的延伸，该研究对3.8万多名男性进行了28年的跟踪调查，对7.3万名女性进行了34年的跟踪调查。

That research found women who adopted all five healthy habits at age 50 lived 14 years longer than women who did not; men who were following all five lifestyle factors at age 50 lived 12 years longer than men who followed none.

研究发现，在50岁时养成所有五种健康习惯的女性比没有养成的女性多活14年;在50岁时遵循所有五种生活方式的男性比不遵循的男性多活12年。

This new study, published Wednesday in the journal BMJ, examined the same data to see how chronic disease affected the quality of life during the study period.

周三发表在《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)上的这项新研究，对同样的数据进行了研究，以了解慢性疾病在研究期间是如何影响生活质量的。

The research was designed to see how five healthy behaviors interacted to affect disease risk: never smoking, keeping a healthy BMI below 25. doing at least 30 minutes of physical activity each day, drinking alcohol moderately and eating a good quality diet.

这项研究旨在观察五种健康行为是如何相互作用影响疾病风险的:从不吸烟，保持健康的BMI低于25.每天至少进行30分钟的体育活动，适量饮酒，饮食质量良好。

Women who practiced four or five of the healthy habits over the next 20 to 30 years, Hu said, had an additional 10.6 years of disease-free living compared to women who adopted no lifestyle changes. When broken down by disease, the healthier women gained an average of eight years free of cancer, 10 years with no cardiovascular disease and 12 years without diabetes.

胡教授说，在接下来的20到30年中，有四到五种健康习惯的女性比那些没有改变生活方式的女性多活了10.6年。按疾病分类，健康女性平均没有癌症的时间为8年，没有心血管疾病的时间为10年，没有糖尿病的时间为12年。

Men who practiced four to five healthy behaviors gained 7.6 years' longer life expectancy; an average of six more years without cancer, almost nine more years free of heart issues and over 10 years without diabetes.

养成4到5种健康行为的男性预期寿命延长了7.6年;平均没有癌症的时间延长了6年，没有心脏问题的时间增加了近9年，没有糖尿病的时间超过了10年。

The results held true even after adjusting the data for age, ethnicity, family medical history and other potentially influential factors. Not surprisingly, men who were heavy smokers -- defined as 15 or more cigarettes a day -- or obese men and women with a BMI of 30 or more had fewer years without disease.

即使在调整了年龄、种族、家族病史和其他潜在影响因素的数据后，这一结果仍然成立，这并不令人惊讶，重度吸烟者(定义为每天吸烟15支或更多)或BMI为30或更高的肥胖男性和女性无疾病的年数更少。