2023年01月18日 VOA慢速英语：为什么美国学校要屏蔽 ChatGPT？

 
Ask the new artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT to write about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it produce a school report in just a few seconds.
让新的人工智能 (AI) 工具 ChatGPT 写下美国内战的起因，您可以看到它在短短几秒钟内生成一份学校报告。
 
The technology is so good that it can write sentences like ones written by a human. And it is also free.
这项技术非常好，它可以像人类写的那样写句子。而且它也是免费的。
 
The tool has been in use since November. But it is already raising tough questions about the future of AI in education, the tech industry, and a number of professions.
该工具自 11 月以来一直在使用。但它已经引发了关于人工智能在教育、科技行业和许多职业中的未来的尖锐问题。
 
New York City school officials recently started blocking the writing tool on school devices and networks. The decision by the largest school system in the United States could affect how other school systems deal with the technology.
纽约市学校官员最近开始在学校设备和网络上屏蔽书写工具。美国最大的学校系统的决定可能会影响其他学校系统如何处理该技术。
 
Teachers are now trying to find out how to prevent students using the AI tool for cheating. And the creators of ChatGPT also say they are looking for ways to detect misuse.
老师们现在正试图找出如何防止学生使用人工智能工具作弊的方法。ChatGPT 的创建者还表示，他们正在寻找检测滥用的方法。
 
What is ChatGPT?
什么是聊天 GPT？
 
ChatGPT launched last November as part of a larger set of technologies developed by the San Francisco-based company OpenAI.
ChatGPT 于去年 11 月推出，是旧金山公司 OpenAI 开发的一系列更大规模技术的一部分。
 
It is part of a new generation of AI systems that can have a discussion and create written work. It can even produce new images and video based on what it has learned from a large database of digital books, online writings and other media.
它是新一代人工智能系统的一部分，可以进行讨论并创作书面作品。它甚至可以根据从数字书籍、在线文章和其他媒体的大型数据库中学到的知识来制作新的图像和视频。
 
But unlike previous AI tools known as "large language models," ChatGPT is available for free to anyone on the internet. It is also designed to be more user-friendly. It works like a written conversation between the AI system and the person asking it questions.
它是新一代人工智能系统的一部分，可以进行讨论并创作书面作品。它甚至可以根据从数字书籍、在线文章和其他媒体的大型数据库中学到的知识来制作新的图像和视频。
 
Millions of people have played with the tool over the past month. They used it to write poems or songs. Some tried to trick it into making mistakes. Others used it to write email. All of those requests are helping it to get smarter.
在过去的一个月里，数百万人使用了该工具。他们用它来写诗或歌曲。有些人试图诱使它犯错误。其他人用它来写电子邮件。所有这些请求都在帮助它变得更聪明。
 
What are the possible issues?
可能的问题是什么？
 
Like similar systems, ChatGPT can produce strong writing. But that does not mean what it says is factual or makes sense.
与类似系统一样，ChatGPT 可以产生强大的写作能力。但这并不意味着它所说的是事实或有道理的。
 
Its launch came with little guidance for how to use it. But the program will admit when it is wrong. It will also question "incorrect premises" and reject requests meant to bring about offensive answers.
它的发布几乎没有关于如何使用它的指导。但是程序会在错误时承认。它还将质疑“不正确的前提”并拒绝旨在带来冒犯性答案的请求。
 
Its popularity has led its creators to try to lower some people's expectations.
它的流行导致它的创作者试图降低一些人的期望。
 
Sam Altman is the head of OpenAI. He said on Twitter in December that ChatGPT is very limited, but good enough at some things to make people think it is great. He added that it should not be used for "anything important right now."
Sam Altman 是 OpenAI 的负责人。他去年 12 月在 Twitter 上表示，ChatGPT 非常有限，但在某些方面足够出色，让人觉得它很棒。他补充说，它不应该用于“现在任何重要的事情”。
 
Many school systems in the U.S. are still deciding how to set policies on the use of AI programs and how they can be used.
美国的许多学校系统仍在决定如何制定有关 AI 程序的使用以及如何使用它们的政策。
 
The New York City education department said it is restricting use of ChatGPT because it is worried about negative impacts on student learning, as well as "concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content."
纽约市教育部门表示，它正在限制 ChatGPT 的使用，因为它担心对学生学习产生负面影响，以及“对内容的安全性和准确性的担忧”。
 
But there is no stopping a student from using ChatGPT from home or on a personal device.
但是并不能阻止学生在家里或在个人设备上使用 ChatGPT。
 
Human or AI?
人类还是人工智能？
 
Jenna Lyle is a spokesperson for New York schools. She said the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions.
詹娜·莱尔 (Jenna Lyle) 是纽约学校的发言人。她说，该工具或许能够为问题提供快速简便的答案。
 
But she told The Associated Press: "it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success."
但她告诉美联社：“它不会培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力，而这对于学业和终身成功至关重要。”
 
When VOA asked ChatGPT whether the program could be used to write school papers, it said that using it for writing papers is "cheating" and does not help the students.
当美国之音询问 ChatGPT 这个程序是否可以用来写学校论文时，它说用它来写论文是“作弊”，对学生没有帮助。
 
ChatGPT then provided a very similar answer to Lyle's saying, "using such a tool doesn't build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills which are essential for academic and lifelong success."
ChatGPT 随后提供了与 Lyle 的说法非常相似的答案，“使用这样的工具不会培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力，而这对于学术和终身成功至关重要。”
 
The Associated Press asked ChatGPT how to know if something was written by a human or AI.
美联社询问 ChatGPT 如何知道某些内容是由人类还是 AI 编写的。
 
The program said, "To determine if something was written by a human or AI, you can look for the absence of personal experiences or emotions." It noted that AI writings could also contain unnecessary words or repeated sentences.
该程序说，“要确定某些东西是由人类还是人工智能编写的，你可以寻找个人经历或情感的缺失。” 它指出，AI 作品也可能包含不必要的单词或重复的句子。
 
In a human-written statement, OpenAI told the AP that it plans to work with educators as it learns how people are experimenting with ChatGPT in the real world.
在一份人工编写的声明中，OpenAI 告诉美联社，它计划与教育工作者合作，了解人们如何在现实世界中试验 ChatGPT。
 
"We don't want ChatGPT to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else, so we're already developing mitigations to help anyone identify text generated by that system," the company said.
“我们不希望 ChatGPT 在学校或其他任何地方被用于误导目的，因此我们已经在开发缓解措施以帮助任何人识别该系统生成的文本，”该公司表示。