双语新闻：英语教学案例研究：15岁儿童如何学习英语
Today's English students have a lot of exposure to the language outside of the classroom. By using the internet, social media, and other digital technologies, they can watch videos, hear music, and play video games in English.
今天的英语学生在课堂之外接触了很多语言。通过使用互联网、社交媒体和其他数字技术，他们可以用英语看视频、听音乐、玩电子游戏。
But teachers are not so sure that digital exposure results in better English-speaking abilities. That is the finding of a new study on how teenagers learn English. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD, a group that studies economic activities in large economies, supported the study.
但老师们并不确定接触电子产品就能提高英语能力。这是一项关于青少年如何学习英语的新研究的发现。研究大型经济体经济活动的经济合作与发展组织(OECD)支持这项研究。
The study is called "How 15-Year-Olds Learn English." It provides case studies of teaching teenagers English from five countries: Finland, Greece, Israel, the Netherlands and Portugal. The researchers gathered information by visiting schools and observing English lessons in each country. They also interviewed teachers, students and school administrators.
这项研究被称为“15岁儿童如何学习英语”。它提供了来自芬兰、希腊、以色列、荷兰和葡萄牙五个国家的青少年英语教学案例研究。研究人员通过访问学校和观察每个国家的英语课程来收集信息。他们还采访了教师、学生和学校管理人员。
The study findings will be used to support the OECD's 2025 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), said Catalina Covacevich. She was one of the study's main researchers. PISA studies the school systems of about 90 countries by measuring the performance of 15-year-olds in reading, writing and math. In 2025, PISA will aim to measure 22 of those countries' English language skills for the first time.
卡塔琳娜·科瓦谢维奇表示，研究结果将用于支持经合组织2025年国际学生评估项目(PISA)。她是这项研究的主要研究人员之一。国际学生评估项目通过衡量15岁学生在阅读、写作和数学方面的表现，对大约90个国家的学校系统进行了研究。到2025年，PISA将首次对其中22个国家的英语语言技能进行测评。
"It's an obvious statement that English transcends classroom walls," Christa Rawkins told VOA. She was another one of the researchers for the study.
“这是一个明显的声明，英语超越了教室的界限，”克里斯塔·罗金斯对美国之音说。她是这项研究的另一名研究人员。
Teens spoke "about the ways they used English with people on those sorts of social networking sites and other media. But it was rarer that they were talking about sitting down to learn English via those platforms."
青少年们谈到了他们在社交网站和其他媒体上与人使用英语的方式。但很少有人谈论坐下来通过这些平台学习英语。”
Some students in Greece said it is easier to search for English-language information on the internet because more of it is available. In the Netherlands, 15-year-olds described watching English YouTube videos. In a written opinion study, half of students in the Netherlands reported always using English when using digital tools.
希腊的一些学生表示，在互联网上搜索英语信息更容易，因为有更多的可用信息。在荷兰，15岁的孩子说他们会在YouTube上看英语视频。在一项书面意见研究中，荷兰一半的学生报告说，他们在使用数字工具时总是使用英语。
Teachers however are unsure whether digital tools are improving students' English knowledge. While teachers said using English platforms might increase students' motivation to learn and help them get used to the language, the platforms "are not necessarily teaching them English," Rawkins said.
然而，教师们并不确定数字工具是否提高了学生的英语知识。罗金斯说，虽然老师们说，使用英语平台可能会增加学生学习的动力，帮助他们习惯这门语言，但这些平台“不一定能教会他们英语”。
One teacher in Finland, for example, said students might get the false idea that they do not need to study English because of how often they use English outside of school.
例如，芬兰的一位老师说，学生们可能会错误地认为他们不需要学习英语，因为他们在校外经常使用英语。
"They think they know it better than I do because they use it in computer games and it's present in their lives all the time," the teacher said. "They think they don't have to listen to me in English classes, I feel that is a challenge.
“他们认为他们比我更了解它，因为他们在电脑游戏中使用它，而且它一直存在于他们的生活中，”这位老师说。“他们认为他们不必在英语课上听我的，我觉得这是一个挑战。
Rawkins said there is a "slight disconnect" between the kind of English students are learning outside of school "and the kind of English they're being asked to learn and study in classrooms." Students might feel that "studying English at school is just about studying grammar whereas outside (of) school they can communicate and interact in the language," the report said.
罗金斯说，学生在校外学习的英语和他们被要求在课堂上学习的英语之间存在“轻微的脱节”。报告称，学生们可能会觉得“在学校学习英语只是学习语法，而在学校之外，他们可以用这门语言进行交流和互动。”
A large part of OECD's work with PISA, the researchers said, is examining inequities in education. Rawkins said there can be large inequities that arise from the kinds of out-of-school exposure kids get to English. Kids from wealthy families are able to travel to English-speaking countries or attend summer camps where they can speak English to international friends, for example. Some students can pay for private lessons.
研究人员说，经合组织与PISA合作的很大一部分是为了检查教育中的不公平现象。罗金斯说，孩子们在校外接触英语可能会产生很大的不平等。例如，富裕家庭的孩子可以去说英语的国家旅行，或者参加夏令营，在那里他们可以用英语与国际朋友交谈。一些学生可以支付私人课程。
"Kids living in cities were more likely to be using English out and about in their daily lives compared to their counterparts in more rural areas," Rawkins added.
罗金斯补充说:“与农村地区的孩子相比，生活在城市的孩子更有可能在日常生活中使用英语。”
There has been a big change in how students are exposed to English outside of school. But within the classroom, things "hadn't really changed." The report noted how digital technologies are used within the classroom, but traditional teaching methods, like textbooks, were still used in every school observed.
学生在校外接触英语的方式发生了很大的变化。但在教室里，情况“并没有真正改变”。该报告指出了数字技术在课堂上的使用情况，但所观察到的每所学校仍在使用教科书等传统教学方法。
Teachers in all five countries said their students struggled the most with writing and speaking English rather than in reading and listening. Researchers noted that students might feel a lack of self-confidence when it comes to speaking. They might also be less likely to speak and write English outside of school.
这五个国家的教师都表示，他们的学生在英语写作和口语方面最吃力，而不是在阅读和听力方面。研究人员指出，学生在说话时可能会感到缺乏自信。他们也不太可能在校外说英语和写英语。
"Outside school they're doing a lot of reading and listening to English because that's what the majority of their exposure is, particularly when it comes to digital technologies," Rawkins said. "They're not doing so much speaking or writing."
罗金斯说:“在校外，他们做了大量的英语阅读和听力练习，因为这是他们接触的大部分内容，尤其是涉及到数字技术时。”“他们没有做太多的演讲或写作。”
今天的英语学生在课堂之外接触了很多语言。通过使用互联网、社交媒体和其他数字技术，他们可以用英语看视频、听音乐、玩电子游戏。
But teachers are not so sure that digital exposure results in better English-speaking abilities. That is the finding of a new study on how teenagers learn English. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD, a group that studies economic activities in large economies, supported the study.
但老师们并不确定接触电子产品就能提高英语能力。这是一项关于青少年如何学习英语的新研究的发现。研究大型经济体经济活动的经济合作与发展组织(OECD)支持这项研究。
The study is called "How 15-Year-Olds Learn English." It provides case studies of teaching teenagers English from five countries: Finland, Greece, Israel, the Netherlands and Portugal. The researchers gathered information by visiting schools and observing English lessons in each country. They also interviewed teachers, students and school administrators.
这项研究被称为“15岁儿童如何学习英语”。它提供了来自芬兰、希腊、以色列、荷兰和葡萄牙五个国家的青少年英语教学案例研究。研究人员通过访问学校和观察每个国家的英语课程来收集信息。他们还采访了教师、学生和学校管理人员。
The study findings will be used to support the OECD's 2025 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), said Catalina Covacevich. She was one of the study's main researchers. PISA studies the school systems of about 90 countries by measuring the performance of 15-year-olds in reading, writing and math. In 2025, PISA will aim to measure 22 of those countries' English language skills for the first time.
卡塔琳娜·科瓦谢维奇表示，研究结果将用于支持经合组织2025年国际学生评估项目(PISA)。她是这项研究的主要研究人员之一。国际学生评估项目通过衡量15岁学生在阅读、写作和数学方面的表现，对大约90个国家的学校系统进行了研究。到2025年，PISA将首次对其中22个国家的英语语言技能进行测评。
"It's an obvious statement that English transcends classroom walls," Christa Rawkins told VOA. She was another one of the researchers for the study.
“这是一个明显的声明，英语超越了教室的界限，”克里斯塔·罗金斯对美国之音说。她是这项研究的另一名研究人员。
Teens spoke "about the ways they used English with people on those sorts of social networking sites and other media. But it was rarer that they were talking about sitting down to learn English via those platforms."
青少年们谈到了他们在社交网站和其他媒体上与人使用英语的方式。但很少有人谈论坐下来通过这些平台学习英语。”
Some students in Greece said it is easier to search for English-language information on the internet because more of it is available. In the Netherlands, 15-year-olds described watching English YouTube videos. In a written opinion study, half of students in the Netherlands reported always using English when using digital tools.
希腊的一些学生表示，在互联网上搜索英语信息更容易，因为有更多的可用信息。在荷兰，15岁的孩子说他们会在YouTube上看英语视频。在一项书面意见研究中，荷兰一半的学生报告说，他们在使用数字工具时总是使用英语。
Teachers however are unsure whether digital tools are improving students' English knowledge. While teachers said using English platforms might increase students' motivation to learn and help them get used to the language, the platforms "are not necessarily teaching them English," Rawkins said.
然而，教师们并不确定数字工具是否提高了学生的英语知识。罗金斯说，虽然老师们说，使用英语平台可能会增加学生学习的动力，帮助他们习惯这门语言，但这些平台“不一定能教会他们英语”。
One teacher in Finland, for example, said students might get the false idea that they do not need to study English because of how often they use English outside of school.
例如，芬兰的一位老师说，学生们可能会错误地认为他们不需要学习英语，因为他们在校外经常使用英语。
"They think they know it better than I do because they use it in computer games and it's present in their lives all the time," the teacher said. "They think they don't have to listen to me in English classes, I feel that is a challenge.
“他们认为他们比我更了解它，因为他们在电脑游戏中使用它，而且它一直存在于他们的生活中，”这位老师说。“他们认为他们不必在英语课上听我的，我觉得这是一个挑战。
Rawkins said there is a "slight disconnect" between the kind of English students are learning outside of school "and the kind of English they're being asked to learn and study in classrooms." Students might feel that "studying English at school is just about studying grammar whereas outside (of) school they can communicate and interact in the language," the report said.
罗金斯说，学生在校外学习的英语和他们被要求在课堂上学习的英语之间存在“轻微的脱节”。报告称，学生们可能会觉得“在学校学习英语只是学习语法，而在学校之外，他们可以用这门语言进行交流和互动。”
A large part of OECD's work with PISA, the researchers said, is examining inequities in education. Rawkins said there can be large inequities that arise from the kinds of out-of-school exposure kids get to English. Kids from wealthy families are able to travel to English-speaking countries or attend summer camps where they can speak English to international friends, for example. Some students can pay for private lessons.
研究人员说，经合组织与PISA合作的很大一部分是为了检查教育中的不公平现象。罗金斯说，孩子们在校外接触英语可能会产生很大的不平等。例如，富裕家庭的孩子可以去说英语的国家旅行，或者参加夏令营，在那里他们可以用英语与国际朋友交谈。一些学生可以支付私人课程。
"Kids living in cities were more likely to be using English out and about in their daily lives compared to their counterparts in more rural areas," Rawkins added.
罗金斯补充说:“与农村地区的孩子相比，生活在城市的孩子更有可能在日常生活中使用英语。”
There has been a big change in how students are exposed to English outside of school. But within the classroom, things "hadn't really changed." The report noted how digital technologies are used within the classroom, but traditional teaching methods, like textbooks, were still used in every school observed.
学生在校外接触英语的方式发生了很大的变化。但在教室里，情况“并没有真正改变”。该报告指出了数字技术在课堂上的使用情况，但所观察到的每所学校仍在使用教科书等传统教学方法。
Teachers in all five countries said their students struggled the most with writing and speaking English rather than in reading and listening. Researchers noted that students might feel a lack of self-confidence when it comes to speaking. They might also be less likely to speak and write English outside of school.
这五个国家的教师都表示，他们的学生在英语写作和口语方面最吃力，而不是在阅读和听力方面。研究人员指出，学生在说话时可能会感到缺乏自信。他们也不太可能在校外说英语和写英语。
"Outside school they're doing a lot of reading and listening to English because that's what the majority of their exposure is, particularly when it comes to digital technologies," Rawkins said. "They're not doing so much speaking or writing."
罗金斯说:“在校外，他们做了大量的英语阅读和听力练习，因为这是他们接触的大部分内容，尤其是涉及到数字技术时。”“他们没有做太多的演讲或写作。”
