双语新闻：气候变化正在加剧中亚咸海消失
Climate change is quickening the disappearance of the Aral Sea. Once a single body of water, the lake now exists in pieces in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Many years ago, it was one of the world's largest inland bodies of water. But, that changed substantially over the last century. The Aral has shrunk to less than 25 percent of its former size.
气候变化正在加速咸海的消失。这个湖曾经是一个单一的水体，现在在哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦存在。许多年前，它是世界上最大的内陆水体之一。但是，在上个世纪，这种情况发生了很大的变化。咸海的面积已经缩小到不到以前的25%。
Engineering projects and agricultural programs are to blame for much of the lake's early losses. Now, climate change is adding to the destruction. Summers in the area are longer and hotter. Winters are shorter and colder. The area lacks water supplies. And experts say much of the water that does exist is too salty to support plant life.
工程项目和农业项目是造成湖水早期流失的主要原因。现在，气候变化加剧了破坏。该地区的夏季更长、更热。冬天更短更冷。这个地区缺水。专家表示，确实存在的大部分水太咸，无法维持植物的生命。
History and loss
历史与损失
The Aral is fed by rivers that heavily depend on glacial melt. For many years, it held many fish, supporting a fishing industry.
咸海的水源很大程度上依赖于冰川融化。多年来，这里有很多鱼，支撑着渔业的发展。
The area brought in thousands of migrants for jobs in the past, also. Today, a few remaining towns sit quiet along the Aral's dry seabed. Dust storms often pass through.
过去，这个地区也吸引了成千上万的移民来找工作。如今，仅存的几个城镇安静地坐落在咸海干涸的海底。沙尘暴经常经过。
In the 1920s, the Soviet government began to empty the sea to provide water to crops like cotton. By the 1960s, it was half its former size. By 1987, the Aral's level was so low it divided into two bodies of water: the northern and southern seas.
20世纪20年代，苏联政府开始放空海水，为棉花等作物提供水源。到20世纪60年代，它的规模只有以前的一半。到1987年，咸海的水位非常低，分成了两个水体:北部海和南部海。
The United Nations Development Program calls the destruction of the Aral Sea "the most staggering disaster of the 20th century." It points to the Aral's loss as the cause of desertification, drinking water shortages, and worsening health conditions, among others.
联合国开发计划署称咸海的破坏是“20世纪最令人震惊的灾难”。报告指出，咸海的流失是造成沙漠化、饮用水短缺和健康状况恶化等问题的原因。
National governments, international aid organizations, and local efforts have made attempts to save the sea, including dams and plant growth projects. But experts say climate change has only quickened the dying of the Aral, and will continue to worsen local peoples' suffering.
各国政府、国际援助组织和当地的努力都在努力拯救海洋，包括修建水坝和植物生长项目。但专家表示，气候变化只是加速了咸海的消亡，并将继续加剧当地人民的痛苦。
Loss of life
生命损失
The loss of much of the Aral Sea caused dust storms to blow through towns. They spread toxic chemicals from a former weapons testing center and farms into the lungs and eyes of local peoples. The U.N. says this has increased rates of diseases related to breathing and cancer.
咸海的大量流失导致沙尘暴席卷城镇。他们将有毒化学物质从以前的武器测试中心和农场传播到当地人民的肺部和眼睛。联合国表示，这增加了呼吸系统疾病和癌症的发病率。
A U.N. report says dust storms, rising world temperatures, and wind are destroying the glaciers on which the feeder rivers depend. The remaining water is getting saltier and evaporating faster.
联合国的一份报告说，沙尘暴、全球气温上升和风正在破坏河流赖以生存的冰川。剩下的水越来越咸，蒸发得更快。
The report warns that melting ice and changing river flows may further cause problems for water supply and food supply. Hydropower plants could suffer.
该报告警告说，融化的冰和河流流量的变化可能会进一步造成水供应和食物供应的问题。水电站可能会受到影响。
Differences along the Aral
咸海沿岸的差异
In Uzbekistan, Adilbay and his friends fish in the Aral's remaining waters. The fish are small and few.
在乌兹别克斯坦，Adilbay和他的朋友们在咸海的剩余水域捕鱼。鱼又小又少。
The 62-year-old holds his arms wide to demonstrate how big the Aral fish used to be. "Now there is nothing," he said.
这位62岁的老人张开双臂，展示咸鱼曾经有多大。“现在什么都没有了，”他说。
As the water disappeared, a nearby fish processing plant closed. Adilbay's friends and relatives moved to Kazakhstan looking for new jobs.
随着水的消失，附近的一家鱼类加工厂关闭了。Adilbay的朋友和亲戚搬到哈萨克斯坦寻找新工作。
There, fisherman Serzhan Seitbenbetov and others find success. In an hour, he caught a hundred fish, some 2 meters long.
在那里，渔民Serzhan Seitbenbetov和其他人获得了成功。在一个小时内，他钓到了100条鱼，有些鱼有2米长。
"Now all the villagers make good money being fishermen," he said.
他说:“现在所有的村民都是渔民，赚了不少钱。”
That is the result of an $86 million dam project led by Kazakhstan, with assistance from the World Bank. It was completed in 2005.
这是由哈萨克斯坦牵头、世界银行提供援助、耗资8600万美元的大坝项目的结果。它于2005年完工。
Known as the Kokaral Dam, it saves and gathers water from the Syr Darya River. The dam performed better than expected, leading to an increase of over 3 meters in water levels after seven months.
它被称为科卡拉尔大坝，从锡尔河中储存和收集水。大坝的表现好于预期，七个月后水位上升了3米多。
That helped restore local fisheries and caused an increase in clouds and rainstorms in the local area, the World Bank says. Population grew.
世界银行表示，这有助于恢复当地渔业，并导致当地云层和暴风雨的增加。人口增长。
But it could not replicate life before the water started drying up, said Sarah Cameron. She is a professor at the University of Maryland who is writing a book about the Aral.
但在水开始干涸之前，它无法复制生命，莎拉·卡梅伦说。她是马里兰大学的教授，正在写一本关于咸海的书。
"It does not support the same amount of people and the fishing industry in the same way," Cameron said.
“它不能以同样的方式支持同样数量的人口和渔业，”卡梅伦说。
Uzbekistan's restoration efforts have been mixed in success. The government has not undertaken large projects like the Kokaral. Instead, the country planted trees and other plants to help prevent erosion and slow dust storms.
乌兹别克斯坦的重建工作成败参半。政府还没有承担像科卡拉尔这样的大型项目。相反，这个国家种植树木和其他植物来帮助防止侵蚀和减缓沙尘暴。
The discovery of oil and natural gas in the Aral's former seabed led to the building of gas production sites. Experts say that shows that Uzbekistan has little interest in restoration.
在咸海以前的海床上发现石油和天然气导致了天然气生产基地的建设。专家表示，这表明乌兹别克斯坦对修复几乎没有兴趣。
Kate Shields is a professor of environmental studies at Rhodes College in the American state of Tennessee.
凯特·希尔兹是美国田纳西州罗德学院的环境研究教授。
"While there has been some restoration," she said, "there was a sort of acceptance that ... the sea was not coming back."
“虽然已经有了一些恢复，”她说，“但人们还是接受了……大海没有回来。”
Government officials from Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan did not answer questions from the Associated Press about restoration efforts, the lack of water, and the effects of climate change.
乌兹别克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦的政府官员没有回答美联社关于恢复工作、缺水和气候变化影响的问题。
气候变化正在加速咸海的消失。这个湖曾经是一个单一的水体，现在在哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦存在。许多年前，它是世界上最大的内陆水体之一。但是，在上个世纪，这种情况发生了很大的变化。咸海的面积已经缩小到不到以前的25%。
Engineering projects and agricultural programs are to blame for much of the lake's early losses. Now, climate change is adding to the destruction. Summers in the area are longer and hotter. Winters are shorter and colder. The area lacks water supplies. And experts say much of the water that does exist is too salty to support plant life.
工程项目和农业项目是造成湖水早期流失的主要原因。现在，气候变化加剧了破坏。该地区的夏季更长、更热。冬天更短更冷。这个地区缺水。专家表示，确实存在的大部分水太咸，无法维持植物的生命。
History and loss
历史与损失
The Aral is fed by rivers that heavily depend on glacial melt. For many years, it held many fish, supporting a fishing industry.
咸海的水源很大程度上依赖于冰川融化。多年来，这里有很多鱼，支撑着渔业的发展。
The area brought in thousands of migrants for jobs in the past, also. Today, a few remaining towns sit quiet along the Aral's dry seabed. Dust storms often pass through.
过去，这个地区也吸引了成千上万的移民来找工作。如今，仅存的几个城镇安静地坐落在咸海干涸的海底。沙尘暴经常经过。
In the 1920s, the Soviet government began to empty the sea to provide water to crops like cotton. By the 1960s, it was half its former size. By 1987, the Aral's level was so low it divided into two bodies of water: the northern and southern seas.
20世纪20年代，苏联政府开始放空海水，为棉花等作物提供水源。到20世纪60年代，它的规模只有以前的一半。到1987年，咸海的水位非常低，分成了两个水体:北部海和南部海。
The United Nations Development Program calls the destruction of the Aral Sea "the most staggering disaster of the 20th century." It points to the Aral's loss as the cause of desertification, drinking water shortages, and worsening health conditions, among others.
联合国开发计划署称咸海的破坏是“20世纪最令人震惊的灾难”。报告指出，咸海的流失是造成沙漠化、饮用水短缺和健康状况恶化等问题的原因。
National governments, international aid organizations, and local efforts have made attempts to save the sea, including dams and plant growth projects. But experts say climate change has only quickened the dying of the Aral, and will continue to worsen local peoples' suffering.
各国政府、国际援助组织和当地的努力都在努力拯救海洋，包括修建水坝和植物生长项目。但专家表示，气候变化只是加速了咸海的消亡，并将继续加剧当地人民的痛苦。
Loss of life
生命损失
The loss of much of the Aral Sea caused dust storms to blow through towns. They spread toxic chemicals from a former weapons testing center and farms into the lungs and eyes of local peoples. The U.N. says this has increased rates of diseases related to breathing and cancer.
咸海的大量流失导致沙尘暴席卷城镇。他们将有毒化学物质从以前的武器测试中心和农场传播到当地人民的肺部和眼睛。联合国表示，这增加了呼吸系统疾病和癌症的发病率。
A U.N. report says dust storms, rising world temperatures, and wind are destroying the glaciers on which the feeder rivers depend. The remaining water is getting saltier and evaporating faster.
联合国的一份报告说，沙尘暴、全球气温上升和风正在破坏河流赖以生存的冰川。剩下的水越来越咸，蒸发得更快。
The report warns that melting ice and changing river flows may further cause problems for water supply and food supply. Hydropower plants could suffer.
该报告警告说，融化的冰和河流流量的变化可能会进一步造成水供应和食物供应的问题。水电站可能会受到影响。
Differences along the Aral
咸海沿岸的差异
In Uzbekistan, Adilbay and his friends fish in the Aral's remaining waters. The fish are small and few.
在乌兹别克斯坦，Adilbay和他的朋友们在咸海的剩余水域捕鱼。鱼又小又少。
The 62-year-old holds his arms wide to demonstrate how big the Aral fish used to be. "Now there is nothing," he said.
这位62岁的老人张开双臂，展示咸鱼曾经有多大。“现在什么都没有了，”他说。
As the water disappeared, a nearby fish processing plant closed. Adilbay's friends and relatives moved to Kazakhstan looking for new jobs.
随着水的消失，附近的一家鱼类加工厂关闭了。Adilbay的朋友和亲戚搬到哈萨克斯坦寻找新工作。
There, fisherman Serzhan Seitbenbetov and others find success. In an hour, he caught a hundred fish, some 2 meters long.
在那里，渔民Serzhan Seitbenbetov和其他人获得了成功。在一个小时内，他钓到了100条鱼，有些鱼有2米长。
"Now all the villagers make good money being fishermen," he said.
他说:“现在所有的村民都是渔民，赚了不少钱。”
That is the result of an $86 million dam project led by Kazakhstan, with assistance from the World Bank. It was completed in 2005.
这是由哈萨克斯坦牵头、世界银行提供援助、耗资8600万美元的大坝项目的结果。它于2005年完工。
Known as the Kokaral Dam, it saves and gathers water from the Syr Darya River. The dam performed better than expected, leading to an increase of over 3 meters in water levels after seven months.
它被称为科卡拉尔大坝，从锡尔河中储存和收集水。大坝的表现好于预期，七个月后水位上升了3米多。
That helped restore local fisheries and caused an increase in clouds and rainstorms in the local area, the World Bank says. Population grew.
世界银行表示，这有助于恢复当地渔业，并导致当地云层和暴风雨的增加。人口增长。
But it could not replicate life before the water started drying up, said Sarah Cameron. She is a professor at the University of Maryland who is writing a book about the Aral.
但在水开始干涸之前，它无法复制生命，莎拉·卡梅伦说。她是马里兰大学的教授，正在写一本关于咸海的书。
"It does not support the same amount of people and the fishing industry in the same way," Cameron said.
“它不能以同样的方式支持同样数量的人口和渔业，”卡梅伦说。
Uzbekistan's restoration efforts have been mixed in success. The government has not undertaken large projects like the Kokaral. Instead, the country planted trees and other plants to help prevent erosion and slow dust storms.
乌兹别克斯坦的重建工作成败参半。政府还没有承担像科卡拉尔这样的大型项目。相反，这个国家种植树木和其他植物来帮助防止侵蚀和减缓沙尘暴。
The discovery of oil and natural gas in the Aral's former seabed led to the building of gas production sites. Experts say that shows that Uzbekistan has little interest in restoration.
在咸海以前的海床上发现石油和天然气导致了天然气生产基地的建设。专家表示，这表明乌兹别克斯坦对修复几乎没有兴趣。
Kate Shields is a professor of environmental studies at Rhodes College in the American state of Tennessee.
凯特·希尔兹是美国田纳西州罗德学院的环境研究教授。
"While there has been some restoration," she said, "there was a sort of acceptance that ... the sea was not coming back."
“虽然已经有了一些恢复，”她说，“但人们还是接受了……大海没有回来。”
Government officials from Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan did not answer questions from the Associated Press about restoration efforts, the lack of water, and the effects of climate change.
乌兹别克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦的政府官员没有回答美联社关于恢复工作、缺水和气候变化影响的问题。
